Table 2 Modified Poisson regression analysis for paid vaccination.

From: Factors affecting motivation for receiving a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine among Japanese university students and staff: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey

Variables

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

RR

95% CI

RR

95% CI

Background

 Age

1.005

1.003

1.007

1.001

0.998

1.005

 Sex (male as a reference)

  Female

1.000

0.946

1.057

1.003

0.950

1.060

  Others

0.890

0.399

1.982

1.265

0.963

1.662

 Affiliation (faculty staff as a reference)

  Student

0.880

0.831

0.931

0.923

0.831

1.025

  Graduate student

0.902

0.824

0.987

0.910

0.821

1.008

  Others

0.985

0.635

1.530

0.833

0.513

1.355

 Hypertension

1.142

1.018

1.281

0.993

0.872

1.132

 Dyslipidemia

1.039

0.847

1.273

0.972

0.782

1.209

 Smoking history

1.017

0.857

1.207

0.969

0.832

1.128

Adverse events

 Impact of adverse events on daily lives after the first dose

1.115

0.961

1.294

1.167

0.977

1.394

 Impact of adverse events on daily lives after the second dose

0.970

0.944

0.998

0.981

0.953

1.009

History of COVID-19

 History of COVID-19

0.984

0.956

1.014

0.983

0.954

1.013

Sources of information

 Television

0.967

0.905

1.032

0.958

0.899

1.022

 Newspapers

1.095

1.037

1.157

1.041

0.986

1.099

 Books

1.098

0.961

1.253

1.039

0.919

1.175

 Websites

1.078

1.018

1.140

1.030

0.976

1.088

 SNS

0.997

0.943

1.054

1.032

0.974

1.094

 Public institutions

1.087

1.018

1.162

1.008

0.946

1.074

 Medical papers

1.069

0.965

1.185

1.055

0.963

1.155

 University information

1.076

1.018

1.136

1.037

0.983

1.094

 Word of mouth

0.979

0.922

1.038

0.993

0.937

1.052

Reasons for vaccination

 Everyone would get vaccinated

0.790

0.735

0.848

0.886

0.825

0.951

 Not to be considered antivaxxer

0.711

0.534

0.946

0.832

0.644

1.074

 Fear of COVID-19 infection itself

1.257

1.172

1.348

1.125

1.050

1.204

 Fear of severe COVID-19 illness

1.274

1.182

1.374

1.115

1.033

1.203

 Fear of long COVID

1.107

1.049

1.168

0.995

0.941

1.053

 Concern of getting others infected

1.182

1.106

1.264

1.045

0.978

1.117

 To go out and eat out

1.067

1.011

1.127

1.058

0.996

1.124

 To travel abroad (study abroad, business trip, etc.)

1.075

0.955

1.210

1.037

0.928

1.158

Thoughts before vaccination

 Did you hesitate to get vaccinated?

1.466

1.311

1.639

1.245

1.109

1.397

 Did you expect the vaccine to work?

1.419

1.238

1.627

1.082

0.949

1.234

 Were you worried about short-term adverse reactions?

1.059

0.998

1.123

1.006

0.949

1.066

 Were you worried about long-term adverse reactions?

1.068

1.011

1.129

0.979

0.915

1.048

 Did you expect that mass vaccination would loosen behavioral restrictions?

1.029

0.967

1.096

0.963

0.904

1.027

 Were the people around you in favor of vaccination?

1.270

1.084

1.486

1.113

0.960

1.291

Current thoughts

 Do you think you were right to vaccinate?

1.998

1.650

2.418

1.708

1.407

2.073

 Are you worried about long-term adverse reactions?

1.108

1.047

1.172

0.990

0.924

1.060

 Do you believe in the efficacy of vaccines in general?

1.258

1.132

1.398

1.012

0.904

1.133

 Do you believe in the safety of vaccines in general?

1.197

1.111

1.288

1.087

1.000

1.181

  1. We performed modified Poisson regressions to estimate the influence of each variable on the willingness to receive the third vaccination (the binary variable). Univariate regression analyses were performed, followed by multivariate regression analysis using a model that included all variables to control for the effects of other variables, such as confounding factors. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated and significant values were shown in bold.
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