Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Reversing valproic acid-induced autism-like behaviors through a combination of low-frequency repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

Figure 1

Characteristics of chitosan-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (SPIONs). (a) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that these particles have a spherical shape, with chitosan well coated around the iron core. (b) The mean diameter of these particles was calculated based on the measurement of 100 random particles in TEM images (28.6 nm). (c) Dynamic light scattering (DLS) testing revealed the mean hydrodynamic diameter of these particles (71.2 nm). (d) The MTT assay of SPION showed no significant toxicity at different concentrations. (e) Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) provided information on the magnetic hysteresis of chitosan-coated SPIONs. (f) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed several distinct bands indicating the presence of iron and chitosan in the final product. These bands include 3445 cm−1 (O–H and N–H), 2922 cm−1 and 2852 cm−1 (C–H), 1449 cm−1 (C–N), 1034 cm−1 (C–O–C), and 583 cm−1 (Fe–O). (g) The chemical structure of chitosan-coated SPION (KingDraw).

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