Figure 2

The effect of low-frequency repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) on social behavior. (a) Sociability index. (b) Direct social interaction index. (c) Social novelty index. (d) This figure illustrating the different stages of the test, including habituation, sociability, and social novelty. (N = 8, mean ± SEM). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.