Table 1 Characteristics of infants and their mothers.

Characteristics	Total	N	Infant CREBRF rs373863828 genotype				P
Characteristics	Total	N	A/G or A/A*	N	G/G	N	P
Maternal characteristics
rs373863828 genotype		67		18		49	0.01
A/A	2 (3.0%)		2 (11.1%)		0 (0.0%)
A/G	12 (17.9%)		6 (33.3%)		6 (12.2%)
G/G	48 (71.6%)		9 (50.0%)		39 (79.6%)
Unknown	5 (7.5%)		1 (5.6%)		4 (8.2%)
Age, years	29.0 (5.7)	67	30.1 (5.9)	18	28.5 (5.6)	49	0.30
Nulliparous	14 (20.9%)	67	3 (16.7%)	18	11 (22.5%)	49	0.74
Smoking in pregnancy	19 (28.4%)	67	6 (33.3%)	18	13 (26.5%)	49	0.76
BMI, kg/m²	39.8 (6.7)	67	41.1 (5.9)	18	39.4 (7.0)	49	0.37
30.0 to 34.9	13 (19.4%)	67	3 (16.7%)	18	10 (20.4%)	49
≥ 35.0	54 (80.6%)	67	15 (83.3%)	18	39 (79.6%)	49
GDM (IADPSG)	15 (26.3%)	57	2 (11.8%)	17	13 (32.5%)	40	0.19
OGTT plasma glucose concentration at 24–28 weeks, mmol/L
Fasting	4.7 (0.4)	57	4.6 (0.4)	17	4.7 (0.5)	40	0.30
1 h	8.0 (1.5)	41	8.1 (1.4)	12	8.0 (1.6)	29	0.79
2 h	6.2 (1.2)	57	6.0 (1.7)	17	6.2 (1.0)	40	0.65
Socioeconomic deprivation^#	57 (85.1%)	67	16 (88.9%)	18	41 (83.7%)	49	0.72
HUMBA trial interventions
Dietary intervention	35 (52.2%)	67	8 (44.4%)	18	27 (55.1%)	49	0.58
Probiotic capsule	31 (46.3%)	67	8 (44.4%)	18	23 (46.9%)	49	1.00
Infant characteristics
Ethnicity		67		18		49	1.00
Māori	25 (37.3%)		7 (38.9%)		18 (36.7%)
Pacific	42 (62.7%)		11 (61.1%)		31 (63.3%)
Sex, female	31 (46.3%)	67	7 (38.9%)	18	24 (49.0%)	49	0.58
Caesarean birth	18 (26.9%)	67	7 (38.9%)	18	11 (22.4%)	49	0.22
Gestation length, weeks	39.7 (1.4)	67	39.5 (1.6)	18	39.7 (1.3)	49	0.67
< 37 weeks	2 (3.0%)	67	1 (5.6%)	18	1 (2.0%)	49
≥ 37 weeks	65 (97.0%)	67	17 (94.4%)	18	48 (98.0%)	49

Data are number (percent) or mean (standard deviation) ^aHomozygous (A/A) n = 2. ^bNew Zealand Deprivation Index (2013) decile 8 to 10¹⁹.
A CREBRF rs373863828 minor allele, BMI body mass index, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, IADPSG International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test.
P value is for the comparison between genotype groups (A/G or A/A vs. GG) using Fisher exact test or Student t-test. To convert glucose concentration from mmol/L to mg/dL divide by 0.0555.

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