Table 2 The average of physical measurements.

From: Integrating physical experiments with computational fluid dynamics to transform mosque minarets into efficient solar chimneys

Case no

Position & number of minaret

Air velocity at the upper opening of the Minaret (ms−1)

Without an artificial air source with heating inside the minaret

Using an artificial air source with a speed of 1 m/s without heating inside the minaret

Using an artificial air source with a speed of 1 m/s with heating inside the minaret

Air temp. at the minaret top (oC)

The minaret has a regular square section & the mosque has a flat roof note: room temperature 26.5:28o

 a

In the middle of the Kiblah facade

 > 0.4

1.7

1.9

47

 c

In the west corner of the Kiblah facade

 > 0.4

1.5

1.7

45

 e

2 Minarets in Kiblah facade

0.4

1.4

1.6

45

 g

In the middle of the Kiblah façade, the roof has a shokhshekha with openings

Minaret

0

Minaret

1

Minaret

1.4

50

Shokhshikha

0

Shokhshikha

2.5

Shokhshikha

2.7

In the middle of the Kiblah façade, the roof has a shokhshekha without openings

0.4

2.3

2.5

50

The minaret has a sloped vertical section & the Mosque has an inclined roof Note: Room temperature 26.5:28o

 b

In the middle of the Kiblah facade

0.6

2.7

2.8

54

 d

In the west corner of the Kiblah facade

0.6

2.00

2.5

52

 f

2 Minarets in Kiblah facade

0.4

1.8

2.2

49

 h

In the middle of the Kiblah facade, the roof has a shokhshekha without opening

0.8

3.00

3.2

57

 i

In the Center of the Sloping pyramidal roof with sloping vertical section

1.00

3.8

5.00

60

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