Table 3 Monitoring site 1 raw data and IGWO optimized post-Kalman data.

From: Application of optimized Kalman filtering in target tracking based on improved Gray Wolf algorithm

Phase

Measured value (m)

X coordinate Y coordinate

IGWO Optimization Kalman (m)

X coordinate Y coordinate

X offset/mm

Y offset/mm

1

514.7998

877.4571

514.7998

877.4571

0.00

0.00

2

514.7998

877.4559

514.7998

877.4559

0.03

0.05

3

514.7984

877.4556

514.7985

877.4553

0.10

−0.24

4

514.7979

877.4552

514.7978

877.4553

−0.05

0.12

5

514.7950

877.4530

514.7949

877.4529

−0.02

−0.11

6

514.7963

877.4521

514.7963

877.4520

−0.03

−0.06

7

514.7952

877.4500

514.7951

877.4497

−0.10

−0.20

8

514.7939

877.4502

514.7938

877.4504

−0.13

0.24

9

514.7928

877.4491

514.7930

877.4493

0.20

0.12

10

514.7909

877.4460

514.7911

877.4459

0.15

−0.11