Table 4 Monitoring site 2 raw data and IGWO optimized post-Kalman data.

From: Application of optimized Kalman filtering in target tracking based on improved Gray Wolf algorithm

Phase

Measured value (m)

X coordinate Y coordinate

IGWO Optimization Kalman (m)

X coordinate Y coordinate

X offset/mm

Y offset/mm

1

512.0429

877.0389

512.0429

877.0389

0.00

0.00

2

512.0430

877.0376

512.0430

877.0376

0.03

0.05

3

512.0411

877.0377

512.0412

877.0376

0.13

−0.11

4

512.0392

877.0357

512.0390

877.0358

−0.18

0.09

5

512.0377

877.0350

512.0377

877.0348

0.02

−0.19

6

512.0406

877.0342

512.0405

877.0341

−0.08

−0.11

7

512.0368

877.0333

512.0371

877.0334

0.25

0.08

8

512.0358

877.0324

512.0360

877.0325

0.15

0.13

9

512.0337

877.0325

512.0339

877.0327

0.23

0.22

10

512.0330

877.0303

512.0332

877.0303

0.25

0.01