Table 1 Patient characteristics, cardiovascular comorbidity and cardiovascular risk factors of patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and matched controls.

From: Assessing risk of stroke after idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss using data from general practice

 

iSSNHL

(n = 480)

Controls

(n = 1911)

P value

Demographic characteristics

   

 Age (SD)

59.1 (14.3)

59.0 (14.2)

0.846

 Sex, n (%) males

268 (55.8)

(55.6)

0.959

Cardiovascular comorbidity

   

 Aneurysm a

4 (0.8)

19 (1.0)

1.00

 Angina pectoris

24 (5)

82 (4.3)

0.535

 Atrial fibrillation

28 (5.8)

69 (3.6)

0.037

 Congestive heart failure

11 (2.3)

28 (1.5)

0.225

 Ischemic heart disease j

29 (6.0)

130 (6.8)

0.609

 PAOD b k

33 (6.9)

109 (5.7)

0.332

 Thrombosis m

10 (2.0)

29 (1.9)

0.312

 TIAn o

11 (2.3)

62 (3.2)

0.372

 CVAn o

18 (3.8)

56 (2.9)

0.376

Cardiovascular risk factors

   

 BMI i (kg/m2)

  

0.752

  < 24.9

72 (45.0)

265 (45.3)

 

  25–29.9

43 (26.8)

162 (27.6)

 

  30–39.9

42 (26.2)

155 (26.5)

 

  > 39.9

3 (1.9)

9 (1.5)

 

 Number of missings

320

326

 

  Smoking b l

36 (7.5)

162 (8.5)

0.518

 Number of missings

444

1,749

 

 Diabetes Mellitus b c

46 (9.6)

168 (8.8)

0.592

 Venous glucose d (mean (SD) mmol/l)

6.0 (1.4)

6.1 (1.5)

0.522

  Number of missings

356 (74.2)

1483 (77.6)

 

 HbA1c e (mean (SD) mmol/mol)

50.1 (12.1)

50.0 (13.2)

0.959

  Number of missings

440 (90.7)

1732 (90.6)

 

 Dyslipidemiab f

59 (12.3)

239 (12.5)

0.939

  LDL cholesterol g(mean (SD) mmol/l)

3.24 (1.0)

3.13 (1.0)

0.116

   Number of missings

156 (32.5)

687 (35.9)

 

  Non-HDL cholesterol g(mean (SD) mmol/l)

3.7 (1.1)

3.8 (1.1)

0.343

  Number of missings

438 (91.3)

1732 (90.6)

 

  Triglycerides g(mean (SD) mmol/l)

1.4 (0.8)

1.6 (0.9)

0.051

   Number of missings

223 (46.5)

939 (49.1)

 

 Hypertension b h

148 (30.8)

531 (27.8)

0.193

  Systolic blood pressure i(mean (SD) mmHg)

139 (18.1)

137 (18.8)

0.138

  Diastolic blood pressurei(mean (SD) mmHg)

80 (10.1)

79 (10.7)

0.239

   Number of missings

276 (57.5)

1214 (63.5)

 
  1. Figures are n (%) unless stated otherwise.
  2. BMI, body mass index; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; iSSNHL, idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PAOD, peripheral arterial occlusive disease; SD, standard deviation; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
  3. aFisher exact test for difference in aneurysm prevalence. bBased on notifications in patients’ medical records. cDiabetes mellitus type 1 or type 2. dMeasured within half a year interval (180 days) before or after episode of ISSNHL or control date. eMeasured within two-thirds years interval (210 days) before or after episode of iSSNHL or control date. fDyslipidaemia includes fat metabolism disorder(s), hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, mixed hyperlipidaemia, and familial hypercholesterolemia. gMeasured within one-and-a-half-years interval (731 days) before or after episode of iSSNHL or control date. hHypertension includes increased blood pressure, essential hypertension without organ damage, and hypertension with organ damage/secondary hypertension. iMeasured within one year interval (365 days) before or after episode of iSSNHL or control date. jIschemic heart disease includes acute myocardial infarction, other/chronic ischemic heart disease, coronary artery sclerosis, previous myocardial infarction (> 4 weeks ago). kPeripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease includes atherosclerosis, intermittent claudication, Raynaud's syndrome, Buerger's disease, and other disease(s) peripheral arteries. lFormer and current smokers. mThrombosis includes deep vein thrombosis and lung embolism. nTIAs and CVAs up to the iSSNHL or control date. oCVA includes subarachnoid haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, and cerebral infarction.
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