Table 3 Hazard ratios from univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses for occurrence of CVA and CVA or TIA combined within 5 years follow up.

From: Assessing risk of stroke after idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss using data from general practice

Characteristic

Univariable analysis

Multivariable analysis

Hazard ratio (95%CI)

P value

Hazard ratio (95%CI)

P value

Outcome: CVA

    

 iSSNHL

1.25 (0.50, 3.27)

0.646

  

 Age

1.10 (1.07, 1.14)

 < 0.01

1.06 (1.04, 1.09)

 < 0.001

 Angina Pectoris

0.29 (0.10, 0.82)

0.020

  

 Aneurysm

0.26 (0.04, 1.92)

0.188

  

 Atrial fibrillation

0.56 (0.13, 2.33)

0.422

  

 Cardiac disease

0.27 (0.11, 0.67)

0.004

0.67 (0.33, 1.35)

0.258

 Congestive heart failure

0.40 (0.06, 2.95)

0.370

  

 CVA a

0.88 (0.12, 6.43)

0.896

  

 Diabetes mellitus

0.48 (0.18, 1.25)

0.130

  

 Dyslipidaemia

0.93 (0.32, 2.65)

0.882

  

 Hypertension

0.34 (0.17, 0.70)

0.003

0.68 (0.41, 1.15)

0.151

 Obesity

1.07 (0.15, 7.83)

0.949

  

 PAOD

0.38 (0.13, 1.10)

0.074

  

 Smoking

2.61 (0.35, 19.1)

0.346

  

 Thrombosis

0.22 (0.05, 0.92)

0.038

0.80 (0.19, 3.34)

0.760

Outcome: CVA or TIA

    

 iSSNHL

0.92 (0.50, 1.71)

0.804

  

 Age

1.07 (1.05, 1.10)

 < 0.01

1.06 (1.04, 1.10)

 < 0.001

 Angina Pectoris

0.50 (0.20, 1.24

0.136

  

 Aneurysm

0.55 (0.08, 3.95)

0.550

  

 Atrial fibrillation

0.45 (0.18, 1.12)

0.084

  

 Cardiac disease

0.35 (0.18, 0.69)

0.002

0.68 (0.34, 1.37)

0.282

 Congestive heart failure

0.84 (0.12, 6.10)

0.865

  

 CVA a

1.81 (0.25, 13.1)

0.555

  

 Diabetes mellitus

0.43 (0.23, 0.84)

0.013

0.77 (0.39, 1.50)

0.437

 Dyslipidaemia

1.30 (0.56, 3.02)

0.540

  

 Hypertension

0.40 (0.24, 0.67)

 < 0.001

0.70 (0.41, 1.18)

0.180

 Obesity

2.21 (0.31, 15.96)

0.431

  

 PAOD

0.54 (0.23, 1.26)

0.156

  

 Smoking

1.28 (0.47, 3.53)

0.633

  

 Thrombosis

0.46 (0.11, 1.89)

0.281

  
  1. CVA, cerebrovascular accident; iSSNHL, idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss; PAOD, Peripheral Aortic Occlusive Disease; TIA, transient ischemic attack; Statistically significant associations are marked bold.
  2. aBefore the iSSNHL episode or the selected starting date for the 5-year follow-up in the controls (i.e., history of CVA).
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