Table 1 Descriptive statistics and data sources.
Variables | Observations | Mean value | Standard deviation | Maximum | Minimum | Data sources | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Local | National | Local | National | Local | National | Local | National | Local | ||
Nij | 667 | 283 | 2.02 | 4.52 | 2.41 | 7.18 | 20.00 | 68.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China |
GDPi | 667 | 283 | 30,502,582.83 | 28,180,277.99 | 58,534,449.36 | 50,537,220.75 | 306,329,900.00 | 306,329,900.00 | 349,527.00 | 3,238,217.00 | China city statistical yearbook 2017 |
GDPj | 667 | 283 | 144,220,247.26 | 83,283,687.02 | 117,962,290.07 | 96,076,237.92 | 306,329,900.00 | 306,329,900.00 | 1,093,212.00 | 2,869,916.00 | China city statistical yearbook 2017 |
Collegesj | 667 | 283 | 39.58 | 24.10 | 26.39 | 22.14 | 91.00 | 64.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | Educational Statistics Yearbook of China 2017 |
Universitiesj | 667 | 283 | 0.44 | 0.24 | 0.50 | 0.43 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | Educational Statistics Yearbook of China 2017 |
Sciencej | 667 | 283 | 13,180.34 | 8505.51 | 9720.68 | 8025.65 | 28,421.00 | 24,747.00 | 48.00 | 277.00 | High-tech Enterprises of Enterprise Business Information Query System(qcc.com) |
Hospitalsj | 667 | 283 | 402.35 | 283.24 | 243.76 | 174.21 | 1606.00 | 656.00 | 9.00 | 62.00 | China city statistical yearbook 2017 |
Busesj | 667 | 283 | 9549.76 | 5381.92 | 7397.01 | 5351.35 | 33,325.00 | 16,693.00 | 159.00 | 183.00 | China city statistical yearbook 2017 |
Greenbeltj | 667 | 283 | 41.67 | 41.88 | 5.84 | 2.46 | 61.58 | 48.69 | 3.07 | 36.94 | China city statistical yearbook 2017 |
Pollutioni | 667 | 283 | 41.48 | 45.04 | 15.89 | 10.15 | 78.93 | 59.49 | 6.80 | 21.42 | China city statistical yearbook 2017 |
Distanceij | 667 | 283 | 1,052,222.21 | 201,557.31 | 476,320.31 | 138,493.43 | 3,425,682.05 | 663,755.74 | 120,741.62 | 29,590.94 | Measured based on the cities’ latitude and longitude |
Provinceij | 667 | 283 | 0.00 | 0.55 | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | Measured by whether the city belongs to the same province |
