Figure 5

Expression levels of the inflammation-related genes. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to investigate the mRNA expression level of the indicated inflammation-related genes in liver tissues of the mice treated as shown in Fig. 1A. Quantitative data were presented as the mean ± SEM [ND/LPS(−): n = 6; ND/LPS(+): n = 4; HDF/LPS(−): n = 6, HFD/LPS(+): n = 5]]. Single and double asterisks indicate statistically significant (P < 0.05) and marginally significant (0.05 < P < 0.1) differences between the samples indicated with bars, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed among the other samples. Interleukin-5, interleukin-17A, interleukin-21, interleukin-22, and interferon regulatory factor-1 were also analyzed, and their mRNA expression was not detectable in any of the groups. HFD, high-fat diet; ND, normal diet; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; Il18, interleukin-18; Il1b, interleukin-1 beta; Il23a, interleukin-23 alpha; Il6, interleukin-6; Il13, interleukin-13; Tnfa, tumor necrosis factor alpha; Mpo, myeloperoxidase; Tgfb1, transforming growth factor beta 1; Tgfb2, transforming growth factor beta 2; Tgfb3, transforming growth factor beta 3; S100a4, S100 calcium binding protein a4; S100a6, S100 calcium binding protein a6; S100a8, S100 calcium binding protein a8; S100a10, S100 calcium binding protein a10; S100a11, S100 calcium binding protein a11; Sod2, superoxide dismutase 2.