Table 1 Characteristics of participants in the NHANES 2005–2008 cycles.
From: Association between biological aging and diabetic retinopathy
Characteristics | Total (n = 3100) | Without DR (n = 2938) | With DR (n = 162) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Weighted population | 70,772,414 | 68,362,538 | 2,409,875 | |
Chronological age, mean (SE), years | 55.53 (0.45) | 55.38 (0.46) | 59.97 (0.74) | < 0.001 |
Chronological age, no. (%) | 0.01 | |||
< 60 | 1651 (67.07) | 1587 (67.63) | 64 (51.01) | |
60–69 | 788 (19.30) | 731 (18.98) | 57 (28.52) | |
≥ 70 | 661 (13.63) | 620 (13.39) | 41 (20.47) | |
Sex, no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Female | 1464 (50.40) | 1405 (50.98) | 59 (33.87) | |
Male | 1636 (49.60) | 1533 (49.02) | 103 (66.13) | |
Race/ethnicity, no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Mexican American | 431 (4.36) | 405 (4.31) | 26 (5.80) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 525 (7.12) | 470 (6.70) | 55 (19.01) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 1875 (82.24) | 1810 (82.72) | 65 (68.61) | |
Other Hispanic | 177 (2.46) | 164 (2.34) | 13 (5.77) | |
Other Race | 92 (3.83) | 89 (3.94) | 3 (0.81) | |
Marital status, no. (%) | 0.66 | |||
Married | 1976 (68.29) | 1877 (68.39) | 99 (65.50) | |
Never married | 202 (5.80) | 194 (5.84) | 8 (4.69) | |
Living with partner | 135 (4.44) | 129 (4.47) | 6 (3.75) | |
Other | 787 (21.46) | 738 (21.30) | 49 (26.06) | |
Educational level, no. (%) | 0.004 | |||
Less than high school | 712 (22.97) | 655 (13.83) | 57 (25.94) | |
High school or equivalent | 759 (24.48) | 716 (24.42) | 43 (30.69) | |
Above high school | 1629 (52.55) | 1567 (61.75) | 62 (43.37) | |
PIR, mean (SE) | 3.51 (0.07) | 3.52 (0.07) | 3.11 (0.17) | 0.01 |
Physical activity, mean (SE), min/week | 664.16 (34.21) | 663.70 (35.90) | 677.25 (144.75) | 0.34 |
HEI-2015 score, mean (SE) | 55.30 (0.53) | 55.23 (0.56) | 57.20 (0.95) | 0.10 |
BMI, mean (SE), kg/m2 | 28.75 (0.19) | 28.64 (0.19) | 31.90 (0.62) | < 0.001 |
Smoking status, no. (%) | 0.02 | |||
Never | 1458 (48.19) | 1367 (47.73) | 91 (61.21) | |
Former | 1048 (32.62) | 999 (32.81) | 49 (27.40) | |
Now | 594 (19.19) | 572 (19.47) | 22 (11.39) | |
Drinking status, no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Never | 364 (9.23) | 352 (12.33) | 10 (4.37) | |
Former | 732 (19.46) | 341 (9.01) | 23 (15.50) | |
Mild | 1198 (43.40) | 1150 (43.67) | 48 (35.86) | |
Heavy | 362 (12.05) | 660 (18.72) | 72 (40.36) | |
Moderate | 444 (15.85) | 435 (16.27) | 9 (3.90) | |
CVD history, no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 2704 (90.50) | 2590 (91.15) | 114 (71.96) | |
Yes | 396 (9.50) | 348 (8.85) | 48 (28.04) | |
Hypertension | < 0.001 | |||
No | 1503 (48.48) | 1463 (54.26) | 40 (31.49) | |
Yes | 1597 (51.52) | 1475 (45.74) | 122 (68.51) | |
Biological age, mean (SE), years | 54.85 (0.48) | 54.46 (0.49) | 65.74 (1.05) | < 0.001 |
Biological age acceleration, no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 1822 (60.16) | 1781 (61.34) | 41 (26.88) | |
Yes | 1278 (39.84) | 1157 (38.66) | 121 (73.12) | |
Phenotypic age, mean (SE), years | 51.29 (0.50) | 50.74 (0.51) | 67.00 (1.31) | < 0.001 |
Phenotypic age acceleration, no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 2396 (81.02) | 2336 (82.58) | 60 (36.86) | |
Yes | 704 (18.98) | 602 (17.42) | 102 (63.14) | |
