Figure 10
From: Attosecond and nano-Coulomb electron bunches via the Zero Vector Potential mechanism

One possible experimental setup. A relativistically intense, \(a_0 = 20\), 30 fs laser pulse focused at 45 degrees onto one edge of a low-density polyethylene target with an exponential preplasma of scale length \(0.2\lambda _\mathrm{L}\). The inset shows an electron bunch at greater magnification. Attosecond HHG and electron bunches are produced at a rate of \(\omega _\mathrm{L}\) due to the oblique incidence angle. The thickness of the target in the \(\textbf{x}\)-direction is chosen for computational efficiency and does not impact the mechanism.