Figure 5
From: Attosecond and nano-Coulomb electron bunches via the Zero Vector Potential mechanism
The peak instantaneous total energy of electron bunches escaping to the rear of the plasma bulk, with constant S. The ZVP mechanism predicts that the electron bunch total energies and therefore laser energy absorption should scale as \(U \sim a_0^2\) for constant S. Those electrons formed via the Breit–Wheeler pair production process begin to dominate for \(a_0 > 1000\).
