Figure 6
From: Attosecond and nano-Coulomb electron bunches via the Zero Vector Potential mechanism
The Zero Vector Potential (ZVP) mechanism in 3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulation with \({a_0 = 100}\), \({\bar{n}_\mathrm{e}}\) = 100. (a) Initial electron density, the laser propagates in the \(\hat{\mathbf {x}}\)-direction. (b) Electron kinetic energy density after a few laser cycles. Three electron bunches are visible propagating in the x-direction through and around the plasma bulk. The repeating structure on the electron bunches propagating through the plasma bulk is a result of the two-stream instabilities. (c) A cross-section through the centre of (b) along \(z=\lambda /2\), for clearer examination of the internal structure of the plasma block. The bunch referred to in the text is indicated by a white box.
