Table 1 Simulation parameters in both real and normalised simulation units for the 2D3V simulations. Solid aluminium has a density of 2.7 \({\hbox {g}}\;{\hbox {cm}}^{-3}\).
From: Attosecond and nano-Coulomb electron bunches via the Zero Vector Potential mechanism
Laser (2D, p-polarised) | ||
Parameters | Real | Sim |
Wavelength, \(\lambda\) (nm) | 1060 | 2\(\pi\) |
Angular frequency, \(\omega _\mathrm{L}\) (fs\(^{-1}\)) | 1.8 | 1 |
Beam width, \(L_0\) (nm) | 6\(\lambda\) | 12\(\pi\) |
Focal point, (\(x_\mathrm{f}\), \(y_\mathrm{f}\)) (nm) | (2\(\lambda\), 5\(\lambda\)) | (4\(\pi\), 10\(\pi\)) |
Spatial envelope, \(E_y\) | \(E_y \sim e^{-(y-f_y)^2/L_0^2}\) | |
Temporal envelope, \(E_t\) | \(E_t \sim e^{-(t-4\lambda /c)^2/((4\lambda /3c)^2\ln 2)}\) | |
Simulation box | ||
Size, \(x \times y\) (nm) | \(4\lambda \times 10\lambda\) | \(8\pi \times 20\pi\) |
Sim length (fs) | 35.22 | 20\(\pi\) |
Spatial resolution, \(\Delta x\) (nm) | \(\lambda /128\) = 8.28 | 0.0491 |
Temporal resolution, \(\Delta t\) (as) | \(\Delta x/11c\) = 2.51 | 0.00446 |
Plasma (collisionless, fully pre-ionised aluminium plasma) | ||
Electron x profile, n(x) | \({\left\{ \begin{array}{lll} n_\mathrm{e} \text { for} \; 2\lambda \le x \le 3\lambda ,\\ n_\mathrm{e}e^{(x-2\lambda )/0.2\lambda } \text { for} \; x \le 2\lambda , \\ 0 \text{ otherwise.}\\ \end{array}\right. }\) | |
Electron y profile, n(y) | \({\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} 1 \quad \text { for } 2\lambda \le y \le 8\lambda ,\\ 0 \quad \text { otherwise.}\\ \end{array}\right. }\) | |
Ion profile, \(n_\mathrm{i}\) | \(n_\mathrm{i} = n(x)n(y)/13\) | |
Ion charge | 13e | |
Macro-electrons per cell | 484 | |
Macro-ions per cell | 25 | Â |
Parameter scan | ||
Plasma density, \(n_\mathrm{e}\) (\({\hbox {gcm}}^{-3}\)) | 0.003–7 | 1–1000 |
Peak laser E-field & \(a_0\) (\({\hbox {V}}\,{\hbox {m}}^{-1}\)) | \(10^{10}\)–\(10^{16}\) | 0.01–5000 |
