Figure 2

The workflow of the NMSK-FEA process. The participant’s computed tomography (CT) data of the isolated femur were segmented, meshed, and assigned material properties. Model motion, net loading, and MTU kinematics, along with muscle excitations from walking gait were input to CEINMS to estimate muscle and joint contact forces. The muscle and joint contact forces were applied to the FEA model under various boundary conditions to simulate the mechanics of the isolated femur.