Table 4 Factorial ANCOVA results (N = 25, df = 1,17).

From: Characteristics of patients with myofascial pain syndrome of the low back

Scale

Covariates

Factors

Age

Sex

Black

Twitching

Spontaneous pain

Twitch × pain

F

p

F

p

F

p

F

p

F

p

F

p

MTrPs

 Number

1.06

.32

1.23

.28

0.11

.75

0.14

.72

11.11

.004**

3.66

.07

 Duration (in month)

1.05

.32

4.48

.05*

0.09

.77

0.87

.37

5.93

.03*

1.94

.18

 Tenderness (average)

0.09

.76

3.23

.09

1.54

.23

0.28

.61

4.08

.06

1.70

.21

 Tenderness (severe)

0.04

.85

1.29

.27

2.00

.18

0.40

.54

2.76

.12

1.00

.33

 PPT(average)

0.49

.50

1.73

.21

0.09

.76

0.58

.46

0.97

.34

1.60

.22

 PPT severe

1.19

.29

2.09

.17

0.19

.67

1.04

.32

0.65

.43

1.27

.28

STS

0.42

.53

1.11

.31

6.48

.02*

0.03

.86

0.03

.86

2.07

.17

TUG

3.58

.07

0.01

.93

3.20

.09

0.83

.38

3.90

.07

2.09

.17

SF-20

 Physical function

3.02

.10

2.04

.17

0.25

.62

0.03

.87

2.39

.14

5.10

.04*

 Rold function

4.35

.02

0.01

.92

1.34

.26

0.01

.92

0.79

.39

0.96

.34

 Social function

1.35

.26

0.41

.53

0.03

.87

0.28

.61

0.32

.58

0.92

.35

 Mental health

0.59

.46

4.31

.05

1.58

.23

0.69

.42

0.02

.88

0.99

.33

 Health perceptions

0.003

.96

7.30

.02*

3.32

.09

0.06

.81

1.67

.21

1.18

.29

 Pain

1.68

.21

 < .001

1.00

6.43

.02*

0.43

.52

4.10

.06

2.69

.12

ODI

1.58

.23

0.79

.39

19.35

 < .001***

2.88

.11

3.15

.09

0.47

.50

PCS

0.09

.77

6.76

.02*

1.14

.30

0.01

.92

5.55

.03*

2.07

.17

PSEQ

0.01

.91

0.71

.41

0.57

.46

2.51

.13

1.23

.28

0.01

.92

TSK

0.10

.76

1.17

.30

3.54

.08

0.001

.98

0.001

.97

1.54

.23

DASS 21

 Stress

0.09

.77

1.76

.20

0.13

.72

0.05

.83

 < 0.001

1.00

3.75

.07

 Anxiety

0.27

.61

2.49

.13

0.17

.68

1.95

.18

0.29

.60

0.48

.50

 Depression

1.33

.27

2.38

.14

0.52

.48

4.04

.06

0.27

.61

1.44

.25

EMI

 Stress management

0.59

.45

2.47

.13

3.17

.09

0.04

.85

0.04

.86

1.70

.21

 Revitalization

0.18

.67

1.54

.23

5.36

.03*

0.01

.94

0.003

.96

0.90

.36

 Enjoyment

0.01

.94

1.45

.24

3.78

.07

0.10

.76

0.31

.58

0.48

.50

 Challenge

2.14

.16

0.26

.62

2.58

.13

0.15

.70

0.09

.77

 < .001

1.00

 Social recognition

1.64

.22

0.84

.37

2.35

.14

2.70

.12

0.47

.50

0.05

.83

 Affiliation

0.23

.64

3.52

.08

2.32

.15

0.18

.67

0.46

.51

3.09

.10

 Competition

3.37

.08

3.86

.07

0.76

.40

0.57

.46

0.56

.46

0.05

.82

 Health pressures

2.79

.11

2.30

.15

1.35

.26

0.23

.64

0.01

.92

0.93

.35

 Health avoidance

1.50

.24

1.54

.23

0.12

.74

0.18

.68

0.36

.56

1.35

.26

 Positive health

0.25

.62

2.60

.13

0.23

.64

0.01

.94

1.33

.26

2.68

.12

 Weight management

1.07

.32

0.71

.41

0.05

.82

1.16

.30

0.46

.51

 < .001

1.00

 Appearance

0.62

.44

4.18

.06

1.08

.31

1.30

.27

1.34

.26

0.62

.44

 Strength & endurance

0.02

.89

1.24

.28

0.001

.98

0.67

.43

0.04

.85

0.06

.82

 Nimbleness

0.08

.78

0.13

.73

0.16

.70

0.10

.75

0.06

.81

0.29

.60

Numeric pain rating

 Current pain

0.21

.65

8.92

.01

1.54

.23

0.17

.68

17.83

 < .001***

13.03

.002**

 Best pain past 24 h

1.34

.26

0.00

.98

33.05

 < .001***

4.98

.04

8.45

.01*

1.79

.20

 Worst pain past 24 h

0.14

.72

0.46

.51

3.56

.08

0.48

.50

17.10

 < .001***

4.79

.04*

  1. PPT pain pressure threshold, STS five repetition sit-to-stand test, TUG timed up and go, ODI Oswestry Disability Index, PCS Pain Catastrophizing Scale, PSEQ Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, TSK Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia.
  2. Significant values are in bold. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
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