Table 1 Characteristics of the pediatric OHCA patients (N = 6765).
From: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in Japan
Variables | Total (%) (N = 6765) | Pre-COVID-19 2018–2019 (%) (N = 3524) | During-COVID-19 2020–2021 (%) (N = 3241) | p value (2018–2019 vs 2020–2021) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | 4122 (80.9) | 2160 (61.3) | 1962 (60.5) | .524 |
Witnessed cardiac arrest | 2433 (36.0) | 1290 (36.6) | 1143 (35.3) | .252 |
Bystander-initiated chest compressions | 4062 (68.4) | 2111 (71.1) | 1951 (65.8) | < .001 |
Bystander-initiated rescue breaths | 897 (17.6) | 548 (22.3) | 349 (13.0) | < .001 |
Bystander-AED use | 215 (4.3) | 85 (3.7) | 130 (4.9) | .029 |
Verbal guidance from a dispatcher | 3915 (61.2) | 2106 (64.1) | 1809 (58.1) | < .001 |
Presence of a physician in the ambulance | 585 (8.6) | 305 (8.7) | 280 (8.6) | .982 |
Time from call ambulance to hospital (minutes) | 31 ± 15 | 30 ± 15 | 32 ± 16 | < .001 |
The cause of cardiac arrest | ||||
Cardiac etiology | 2108 (31.2) | 1090 (30.9) | 1018 (31.4) | .671 |
Non-cardiac etiology | 4657 (68.8) | 2434 (69.1) | 2223 (68.6) | |
The initial ECG waveform at the time of emergency medical services contact | .105 | |||
VF | 209 (3.1) | 109 (3.1) | 100 (3.1) | |
pulseless VT | 8 (0.1) | 8 (0.2) | 0 | |
PEA | 1052 (15.6) | 551 (15.6) | 501 (15.5) | |
Asystole | 4648 (68.7) | 2409 (68.4) | 2239 (69.1) | |
Others | 848 (12.5) | 447 (12.7) | 401 (12.4) | |
Prehospital ROSC | 959 (14.2) | 533 (15.1) | 426 (13.1) | .020 |
One-month survival | 1265 (18.7) | 682 (19.3) | 583 (18.0) | .150 |
CPC | .201 | |||
Good function | 669 (9.9) | 373 (11) | 296 (9.1) | |
Moderate disability | 75 (1.1) | 39 (1.1) | 36 (1.1) | |
Severe disability | 142 (2.1) | 81 (2.3) | 61 (1.9) | |
Coma or vegetative state | 341 (5.0) | 171 (4.9) | 170 (5.3) | |
Death or brain death | 5538 (81.9) | 2860 (81.2) | 2678 (82.6) | |
OPC | .242 | |||
Good function | 671 (9.9) | 374 (11) | 297 (9.2) | |
Moderate disability | 72 (1.1) | 39 (1.1) | 33 (1.0) | |
Severe disability | 147 (2.1) | 82 (2.3) | 65 (2.0) | |
Coma or vegetative state | 337 (5.0) | 169 (4.8) | 168 (5.2) | |
Death or brain death | 5538 (81.9) | 2860 (81.2) | 2678 (82.6) | |
