Table 1 Rheological properties of native and modified DASP from apple and carrot. G′, elastic (storage) modulus; G″, viscous (loss) modulus; tan δ, loss factor; K, consistency coefficient; n, flow index; G₀, initial shear stress.

G′

Pa

310.83 ± 231.30^ab

1154.61 ± 139.91^a

32.29 ± 17.23^ab

338.77 ± 145.85^ab

405.53 ± 28.92^b

167.26 ± 154.87^ab

43.67 ± 25.38^ab

207.33 ± 119.49^ab

G′/G″

7.52 ± 3.14^ab

10.74 ± 1.42^b

4.38 ± 0.99^ab

8.34 ± 1.43^ab

6.77 ± 0.51^ab

6.44 ± 1.08^ab

3.51 ± 0.93a

6.93 ± 2.48^ab

tan δ

0.14 ± 0.00^abc

0.09 ± 0.01^bc

0.24 ± 0.05^a

0.13 ± 0.03a^b

0.15 ± 0.01^abc

0.16 ± 0.03^abc

0.30 ± 0.07^c

0.15 ± 0.07^ab

Flow point

%

6.07 ± 3.83^ab

5.76 ± 1.26^bc

16.09 ± 4.50a^b

3.77 ± 1.95^a

1.93 ± 0.85^a

12.85 ± 7.76a^bc

20.60 ± 10.64^c

3.77 ± 1.62^ab

Linear viscoelasticity limit

%

3.72 ± 1.83^abc

1.79 ± 0.50^bc

5.76 ± 2.20^a

1.54 ± 0.75^a

1.34 ± 0.90^a

3.41 ± 1.47^abc

7.20 ± 2.23^c

1.88 ± 0.79^ab

Power law model

 K

Pa s

2.59 ± 3.99^a

1.39 ± 1.46^a

0.19 ± 0.09^a

2.62 ± 2.76^a

9.33 ± 3.66^ab

20.40 ± 13.57^b

5.42 ± 2.16^a

23.56 ± 12.54^b

 n

0.56 ± 0.16^bc

0.63 ± 0.19 ^cd

0.86 ± 0.07^d

0.54 ± 0.13^abc

0.41 ± 0.06^abc

0.32 ± 0.14^ab

0.49 ± 0.09^abc

0.29 ± 0.08^a

Herschel–Bulkley model

 G₀

Pa

3.63 ± 5.75^a

3.21 ± 4.08^a

0.06 ± 0.11^a

3.71 ± 5.61^a

10.79 ± 6.97^ab

31.17 ± 20.41^bc

7.94 ± 4.57^a

32.98 ± 16.12^c

 K

Pa s

1.07 ± 1.16^abc

0.46 ± 0.25^ab

0.19 ± 0.09^a

1.28 ± 0.9^abc

4.76 ± 0.65^d

3.07 ± 1.68 ^cd

2.79 ± 0.95^bcd

5.08 ± 2.31^d

 n

0.63 ± 0.12^ab

0.73 ± 0.09^bc

0.87 ± 0.07^c

0.61 ± 0.1^ab

0.50 ± 0.03^a

0.59 ± 0.14^ab

0.58 ± 0.05^ab

0.48 ± 0.04^a

Viscosity (at 10 s⁻¹)

Pa s

0.93 ± 0.89^ab

0.65 ± 0.55^a

0.14 ± 0.05^a

1.58 ± 1.17^ab

3.13 ± 0.87^bc

4.91 ± 2.08^c

2.13 ± 0.77a^b

5.19 ± 1.90^c

Intrinsic viscosity

mg L⁻¹

158.33

148.53

151.56

123.29

293.37

242.31

160.28

147.51