Figure 2

Flowchart for constructing five types of nomograms: (a) conducting univariate and multivariate feature selection using equation 1, followed by nomogram parameter determination using equation 1; (b) simultaneous feature selection and nomogram parameter determination based on equation 2; (c) simultaneous feature selection and nomogram parameter determination based on equation 2; (d) simultaneous feature selection and nomogram parameter determination based on equation 2; (e) perform feature selection based on equation 2, followed by nomogram parameter determination using equation 1.