Table 1 Principle characteristics of the included studies.
Authors | Publication date | Study design | Nr. of included patients | Hydrocephalus etiology | Shunt treatment | Median Follow-up time (in months) | Mean age at surgery (in years) | Overall risk of bias | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VPS | VAS | VPS | VAS | VPS | VAS | ||||||
Ignelzi and Kirsch | 1975 | Retrospective study | 300 | Aqueductal stenosis (54), aqueductal stenosis and myelomeningocele (43), neoplasm (55), communicating hydrocephalus not further specified (148) | 114 | 177 | NA | NA | NA% | NA% | Critical |
Olsen and Frykberg | 1983 | Retrospective study | 172 | Spina bifida (55), CNS malformation (46), infection (12), perinatal factors (33), postnatal factors (2), neoplasm (2), unknown (22) | 69 | 103 | 57 | 46 | 0.38 | 0.41 | Serious |
Fernell et al | 1985 | Retrospective study | 259 | Aqueductal stenosis (84), perinatal complications (69), CNS anomalies (49), congenital or neonatal infection (30), unknown (27) | 133 | 80 | NA | NA | 0.60 | 0.90 | Critical |
Keucher and Maeley | 1979 | Retrospective study | 228 | Myelomeningocele (128), aqueductal stenosis (39), communicating hydrocephalus not further specified (31), infection (12), Dandy-Walker syndrome (9), unknown (9) | 81 | 147 | 60 | 97 | 0.22 | 0.26 | Serious |
Lam and Villemure | 1997 | Retrospective study | 128 | Normal pressure hydrocephalus (55), neoplasm (37), haemorrhage (17), aqueductal stenosis (4), trauma (4), infection (3), congenital (2), unknown (6) | 73 | 49 | NA | NA | NAΔ | NAΔ | Critical |
Borgbjerg et al | 1998 | Retrospective study | 883 | NA | 366 | 517 | NA | NA | 27.00 | 27.00 | Serious |
McGovern et al | 2014 | Retrospective study | 187 | Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (168), neoplasm (13), aqueductal stenosis (2), CNS cyst (2), trauma (1), Chiari spectrum (1) | 157 | 30 | 34 | 42 | 76.00 | 73.70 | Serious |
Hung et al | 2017 | Retrospective study | 496 | Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (496) | 346 | 150 | 41 | 15 | 73.00 | 74.00 | Serious |
Rymarczuk et al | 2019 | Retrospective study | 544 | Haemorrhage (128), neoplasm (79), spina bifida (72), congenital (45), infection (20), Dandy-Walker syndrome (16), aqueductal stenosis (15), trauma (15), Chiari spectrum (13), encephalocele (7), pseudotumor (6), schizencephaly (6), arachnoid cyst (6), vascular lesion (7), craniofacial syndrome (4), Aicardi syndrome (1), errors of metabolism (2), fibrous dysplasia (1), unknown (21)§ | 459 | 85§ | 71 | 64 | 2.30 | 7.80 | Serious |
