Table 2 Comparison of resistance rates of H. influenzae isolates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Antibiotics | No. (%) of resistant isolates | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 986) | 2018 (n = 240) | 2019 (n = 333) | 2020 (n = 83) | 2021 (n = 186) | 2022 (n = 144) | |
Ampicillin | 847 (85.9) | 210 (87.5) | 287 (86.2) | 69 (83.1) | 157 (84.4) | 124 (86.1) |
Amoxicillin-clavulanate | 189 (19.2) | 61 (25.4) | 54 (16.2)a | 8 (9.6)a | 42 (22.6) | 24 (16.7) |
Cefaclor | 372 (37.7) | 111 (46.3) | 120 (36.0)a | 13 (15.7)a, b | 69 (37.1) | 59 (41.0) |
Cefuroxime | 365 (37.0) | 107 (44.6) | 118 (35.4)a | 13 (15.7)a, b | 69 (37.1) | 58 (40.3) |
Cefotaxime | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Rifampicin | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Ofloxacin | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Tetracycline | 62 (6.3) | 18 (7.5) | 24 (7.2) | 2 (2.4) | 10 (5.4) | 8 (5.6) |
Chloramphenicol | 61 (6.2) | 17 (7.1) | 17 (5.1) | 5 (6.0) | 11 (5.9) | 11 (7.6) |
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 665 (67.4) | 183 (76.3) | 219 (65.8)a | 52 (62.7)a | 115 (61.8)a | 96 (66.7)a |
MDR isolates | 379 (38.4) | 120 (50.0) | 117 (35.1)a | 17 (20.5) a, b | 73 (39.2)a | 52 (36.1)a |
