Figure 1

The association between experiencing any HIV stigma and reporting problems in five dimensions of health-related quality-of-life among 3991 people living with HIV from 21 study communities in South Africa and Zambia. Not experiencing any HIV stigma is the base category. An odds ratio greater than one shows those not in the base category are more likely to report “problems” in that health-related quality-of-life domain. Adjusted models include the covariates age, sex, education, wealth index, religion, recreational drug use, tuberculosis status, and marital status, with cluster robust standard errors to account for clustering by community.