Table 4 The association between each of the three types of HIV stigma, and health-related quality-of-life among 3991 people living with HIV from 21 study communities in South Africa and Zambia.

From: Associations between HIV stigma and health-related quality-of-life among people living with HIV: cross-sectional analysis of data from HPTN 071 (PopART)

Variable

Participants reporting problems in at least one health-related quality-of-life domain

Univariable logistic models

Adjusted logistic modela

Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)b

P value

Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)b

P value

Never experienced community stigma (base)

349/3298 (11%)

1

–

1

–

Experienced community stigma at least once

125/693 (18%)

1.86 (1.48–2.32)

 < 0.001

1.51 (1.16–1.98)

0.002

Never experienced stigma in a healthcare setting (base)

447/3833 (12%)

1

–

1

–

Experienced stigma in a healthcare setting at least once

27/158 (17%)

1.56 (1.00–2.35)

0.040

1.04 (0.68–1.58)

0.850

Have not experienced internalised stigma (base)

358/3439 (10%)

1

–

1

–

Have experienced internalised stigma

116/552 (21%)

2.29 (1.81–2.88)

 < 0.001

1.98 (1.54–2.54)

 < 0.001

  1. aThe adjusted model includes community stigma, healthcare stigma, internalised stigma, sex, age, recreational drug use, tuberculosis status, marital status, religion, education, and wealth, with cluster robust standard errors to account for clustering by community.
  2. bAn odds ratio greater than one indicates those not in the base category are more likely to report problems in at least one health-related quality-of-life domain.
Back to article page