Figure 3

(a) Statistical distribution of the co-contraction index of the TA–G, RF–MH, TA–MH, and RF–G muscle pairs. (b) Temporospatial features in mild, moderate, and severe knee osteoarthritis. Severity based on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) total score. Muscle co-activation pattern of (c) TA–G, (d) RF–MH, (e) TA–MH, and (f) RF–G muscle pairs in mild, moderate, and severe knee osteoarthritis. Severity based on the WOMAC total score. *p < 0.05 indicates significant difference. The error bar shows 95% confidence interval.