Figure 4

(a) Statistical distribution of the co-contraction index of the TA–G, RF–MH, TA–MH, and RF–G muscle pairs. (b) Temporospatial features in mild, moderate, and severe knee osteoarthritis. Severity based on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) pain subscore. Muscle co-activation pattern of (c) TA–G, (d) RF–MH, (e) TA–MH, and (f) RF–G pairs in mild, moderate, and severe knee osteoarthritis. Severity based on the WOMAC pain subscore. *p < 0.05 indicates significant difference. The error bar shows 95% confidence interval.