Table 4 Gender differences in account ownership and digital financial services usage.
From: Determinants of financial inclusion gaps in Pakistan and implications for achieving SDGs
Variable | Male | Female | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of Obs | Mean | No. of Obs | Mean | |
Account ownership | ||||
Possession of any financial account | 499 | 0.34*** | 503 | 0.13 |
Account ownership at a financial institution | 499 | 0.27*** | 503 | 0.11 |
Mobile money account ownership | 499 | 0.15*** | 503 | 0.03 |
Digital financial services usage | ||||
Accessing account via mobile phone or internet | 118 | 0.25** | 27 | 0.07 |
Checking account balance via digital platforms | 115 | 0.22 | 27 | 0.15 |
In-store purchases via mobile phone | 499 | 0.01*** | 503 | 0.01 |
Online bill payments | 499 | 0.09** | 500 | 0.04 |
Online money transfers to friends or relatives | 498 | 0.12*** | 500 | 0.03 |
Online purchases | 499 | 0.01 | 497 | 0.01 |
Credit and debit card usage | ||||
Debit card usage | 97 | 0.22 | 13 | 0.38 |
In-store debit card usage | 21 | 0.33** | 5 | 0.00 |
Credit card ownership | 117 | 0.04** | 27 | 0.00 |
Credit card usage | 5 | 0.80 | ||
In-store credit card usage | 4 | 1.00 | ||
Deposits and withdrawals | ||||
Made any deposit into the account | 114 | 0.69*** | 27 | 0.33 |
Withdrew from the account | 117 | 0.80** | 27 | 0.56 |
Withdrew from the account two or more times per month | 92 | 0.63 | 15 | 0.47 |
Used account to store money | 118 | 0.64 | 27 | 0.44 |
Saving behavior | ||||
Saved for old age | 496 | 0.06 | 499 | 0.07 |
Saved through a financial institution account | 495 | 0.05*** | 496 | 0.01 |
Saved through a mobile money account | 103 | 0.09 | 23 | 0.04 |
Participated in an informal savings club | 495 | 0.07 | 498 | 0.07 |
