Figure 3

Targeted-GC–MS analysis for volatile organic compounds. The contents of cineole, linalool, methyl chavicol, eugenol, and methyl eugenol (ppm / fresh leaves) were determined by GC–MS using standard solutions of each compound. Data represent at least three biological samples of 32-day-old plant leaves for each metabolite and are means ± S.E. Student’s t-test compared with each control level (*p < 0.05).