Figure 4
Expression levels of secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes in basil exposed to N2O5 gas. (A) Phenylpropanoids, cinnamaldehyde and methyl eugenol biosynthesis pathway and enzymes: abbreviations: PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; CCMT, p-coumarate/cinnamate carboxyl methyltransferase; CCR, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase; C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; 4CL, 4-coumarate CoA ligase; C3H, p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase; CCOMT, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase; CAD, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; CAAT, coniferyl alcohol acetyl transferase; EGS, eugenol (and chavicol) synthase; EOMT, eugenol O-methyltransferase. Terpenoids, cineole and linalool biosynthesis pathway and enzymes: abbreviation: CIN, 1,8-cineole synthase; LIS: S-linalool synthase. (B) Real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis of CCR, C4H, 4CL, CAD, CAAT, EGS, EOMT, CIN and LIS gene was performed in 14-day-old plants 3 and 24 h after the first exposure to N2O5 and in 32-day-old plants 8 days after the third exposure to N2O5 using gene-specific primers and relative expression ratios were calculated using β-tubulin gene expression (Supplementary Table 2). Data represent at least three biological samples with three technical replicates in each gene expression and are mean ± S.E. Student’s t-test compared with each control level (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, D: downregulated). Red color: upregulated; Orange: up and down regulated; Blue: downregulated.
