Table 2 Cumulative physical discomfort scores in ESTEEMA Phase 1, Phase 2, and the difference in the scores from Phase 1 to 2.
Variable | Phase 1 (n = 46) | Phase 2 (n = 64) | Phases 1 & 2 differences | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median cumulative physical discomfort score | p value | Median cumulative physical discomfort score | p value | p value | |
Gender | 0.667 | 0.500 | |||
Male | 15 (n = 23) | 13 (n = 31) | 0.384 | ||
Female | 16 (n = 23) | 14 (n = 33) | 0.603 | ||
Height (cm) | 0.005 | 0.002 | |||
≤ 160 | 32.5 (n = 2) | 8 (n = 3) | * | ||
161–170 | 17 (n = 26) | 15 (n = 41) | 0.509 | ||
171–180 | 13 (n = 17) | 11.5 (n = 20) | 0.992 | ||
> 180 | 39 (n = 1) | (n = 0) | * | ||
Dominant hand | 0.496 | 0.529 | |||
Right | 16 (n = 45) | 14 (n = 63) | 0.230 | ||
Left | 12 (n = 1) | 15 (n = 1) | * | ||
Glove size | 0.146 | 0.646 | |||
< 7 | 17 (n = 31) | 13 (n = 38) | 0.121 | ||
≥ 7 | 13 (n = 15) | 15 (n = 26) | 0.509 | ||
Residency year | 0.002 | 0.654 | |||
R1–R3 | 14.5 (n = 38) | 14 (n = 37) | 0.741 | ||
R4–R5 | 27 (n = 8) | 14 (n = 27) | 0.013 | ||
Surgical role | 0.470 | 0.992 | |||
Cameraman | 16 (n = 33) | 14 (n = 40) | 0.441 | ||
First assistant | 17.5 (n = 13) | 13.5 (n = 24) | 0.418 | ||
Type of MAS | 0.358 | 0.920 | |||
Laparoscopy | 16.5 (n = 44) | 13.5 (n = 60) | 0.465 | ||
Robotic | 12 (n = 2) | 14.5 (n = 4) | * | ||
Duration (hours) | 0.002 | 0.028 | |||
< 4 | 13.5 (n = 36) | 13 (n = 49) | 0.728 | ||
≥ 4 | 21.5 (n = 10) | 16 (n = 15) | 0.020 | ||
Surgical specialty | 0.086 | 0.227 | |||
Upper GI | 16.5 (n = 10) | 8 (n = 8) | 0.0007 | ||
HPB | 20 (n = 12) | 16 (n = 20) | 0.250 | ||
Colorectal | 12.5 (n = 24) | 15 (n = 36) | 0.478 | ||
Operative complexity | 0.014 | 0.889 | |||
Routine | 13.5 (n = 28) | 13 (n = 59) | 0.711 | ||
Complicated | 19 (n = 18) | 14 (n = 5) | 0.200 | ||
