Table 4 Average torque and torque ripple due to magnetization pattern.

From: Calculating torque, back-EMF, inductance, and unbalanced magnetic force for a hybrid electrical vehicle by in-wheel drive application

Magnetization type

Average torque (Nm)

Torque ripple (Percent)

Radial

36.49

76.27

Parallel

31.49

37.75

Halbach

29.54

30.26