Figure 4

TBI-induced microgliosis and neurodegeneration in the neocortex. (a) The total number of IBA1-positive cells were used to quantify microglia. IBA1 (pink) and DAPI (blue) immunostaining in panels in the CTX. Higher number of microglia cells were observed in TBI mice, which were significantly reduced after naltrexone treatment. (b) FJB-NeuN (green–red) in the cortex. Yellow staining represents co-localized cells showing degenerated or stressed neurons. (c) Count of IBA1-positive cells and quantification of FJB-positive cells (d) at 8 days and 3 months after TBI. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001, One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test; n = 6–8 (3 sections per animal). Data is represented as SEM. Scale, all 100 μm. Abbreviations: NTX, naltrexone treatment only, without TBI; T + N, naltrexone treatment, with TBI. S sham, TBI traumatic brain injury, T + N TBI with naltrexone, NTX naltrexone only, without TBI, FJB fluoro-jade-B, NeuN neuronal nuclear protein.