Figure 5

RCS analysis was used to analyze the dose–response relationships between MASLD status, CAP, LSM, and CDAI, respectively. RCS analysis using weighted multiple regression models was used to investigate the relationship between MASLD status (A), CAP (B), LSM (C), and CDAI, separately. After stratification by gender, the relationships between MASLD status (D), CAP (E), LSM (F), and CDAI were further analyzed. In RCS analysis, P overall and P nonlinear represent the significance of the overall model and the non-linear component, respectively. When both P overall and P nonlinear are less than 0.05, it indicates that both the overall model effects and the non-linear component are statistically significant, suggesting that the relationship between the considered independent variables and the dependent variable in the model is statistically significant and exhibits a non-linear relationship. RCS restricted cubic spline, CAP controlled attenuation parameter, LSM liver stiffness measurement, CDAI composite dietary antioxidant index, MASLD Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.