Table 4 Effect of microplastics and Tadalafil (Cilais) on histopathological scoring of gills, kidney and liver in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after exposure for 15 days.
Lesions | Tadalafil | Microplastic | Tadalafil and Microplastic |
|---|---|---|---|
Gills | |||
Lamellar congestion of primary lamellae | ++ | + | ++++ |
Epithelial hyperplasia of primary lamellae | − | +++ | ++++ |
Epithelial necrosis and degeneration of primary lamellae | ++ | +++ | ++++ |
Separation of primary lamellae from basement membrane | ++ | − | +++ |
Lamellar congestion of secondary lamellae | − | ++ | +++ |
Secondary lamellar telangictasis | − | + | +++ |
Epithelial detachment of secondary lamellae | − | + | ++ |
Curling of secondary lamellae | ++ | +++ | ++++ |
Shortening of secondary lamellae | + | ++ | +++ |
Fusion of adjacent secondary lamellae | − | ++ | +++ |
Kidney | |||
Dilatation of bowman’s space | + | ++ | ++++ |
Coagulative necrosis of tubular epithelium | + | ++ | +++ |
Vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelium | ++ | +++ | ++++ |
Necrosis of hemopiotic tissue | + | ++ | +++ |
Inflammatory cell infiltration | + | +++ | ++++ |
Degeneration of blood vessels wall | + | + | +++ |
Interstitial hemorrhage | ++ | + | ++ |
Thrombus | + | ++ | +++ |
Liver | |||
Hepatic cord disarray | ++ | +++ | ++++ |
Vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes | +++ | ++ | ++++ |
Necrosis of hepatocytes | ++ | +++ | ++++ |
Congestion of blood vessels | + | +++ | + |
Degeneration and necrosis of sinusoids | ++ | ++ | +++ |
Congestion of sinusoids | ++ | +++ | + |
Congestion of hepatopancreas | ++ | + | +++ |
