Table 2 Parameter settings in the HWS-EB scenarios.

From: Numerical simulation and theoretical study on the impact of wind-sand flow of high-speed trains in long tunnel space

Parameter

Describe parameters

Water intake flow velocity veb/km/h

1, 2, 3, … 11, 12

Incidence angle αed

Direction 1, Direction 2, Direction 3

Roughness height h/ m

0.0005, 0.001, 0.002

DPM concentration φ’

0.01, 0.005, 0.001

Granular diameter D/ mm

0.001, 0.1, 0.3

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