Figure 3
Average change in diastolic blood pressure associated with PM2.5 exposure of different exposure durations in linear regression. The grey area indicates 95% confidence interval. The blue curve is the smoothing line generated from LOESS that describes the trend of effect estimates over these exposure durations. The mixed effect models were adjusted for age (35–39, 40–44, 45–49, 50–64, 65+), race (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, other), gender (male, female), education (less than high school, high school, some college, college or more), household income (< $15,000, $15,000–$24,999, $25,000–$34,999 and > $34,999), body mass index (BMI; < 25, 25–29.9, 30–39.9, > 39.9), smoking status (never, former, current), health insurance status (uninsured, Medicaid, Medicare, private, other), type 2 diabetes (yes, no), and heart attack history (yes, no), and neighborhood area deprivation index (ADI, in quartiles).
