Table 1 Index system of forest ecological security.
Structure | Substructure | Index name (nature) | Formula |
|---|---|---|---|
Forest status indicators | Quantity indicators | Rate of forest cover (+1) | Forest area/land area × 100% |
Percentage of forestland area (+) | Forestland area/national land area × 100% | ||
Forest accumulation per unit area (+) | Forest stock/Forest area | ||
Quality indicators | Percentage of natural forests (+) | Natural forest area/forest area × 100% | |
Forest pressure indicators | General pressure | Population density (−2) | Year-end population/Land area |
energy consumption per unit area (−) | Energy consumption/Land area | ||
Sulfur dioxide emissions | Sulfur dioxide emissions/Land area | ||
Forest response indicators | Maintenance indicators | Proportion of nature reserves (+) | Nature Reserve Area/Land area × 100% |
Government forestry investment intensity (+) | Amount of government forestry investment/GDP | ||
Annual afforestation rate (+) | Annual afforestation area/Forest area × 100% |
