Figure 3

Population structure and chain imbalance analysis of C. annuum and C. frutescens. (a) Linkage disequilibrium analysis. (b) Phylogenetic analysis of 182 C. annuum and C. frutescens. (c) Phylogenetic analysis of 107 Hainan native escaped pepper populations (C. frutescens). (d) Population structure analysis. (e) Kinship analysis (f) Principal component analysis. Blue in A, B and F represents group 1; red represents group 2.