Table 6 Haematological and serum biochemical parameters of Boschveld roosters fed with diets containing brown seaweed spent oyster mushroom substrate.

²Parameters	¹Experimental diets						³SEM	Significance
²Parameters	CON	SMS0	SMS20	SMS30	SMS40	SMS50	³SEM	P-value	Linear	Quadratic
Haematocrit (%)	34.83	33.25	34.75	35.42	33.33	33.58	0.823	0.313	0.989	0.068
²WBC (× 10⁹/L)	15.23^bc	11.50^a	11.33^a	12.92^ab	12.33^ab	17.45^c	0.975	0.0002	0.0003	0.008
Platelets (× 10⁹/L)	21.83^a	39.50^b	38.67^b	38.50^b	37.92^b	26.56^a	2.222	0.0001	0.001	0.008
Heterophils (× 10⁹/L)	5.621^a	7.416^ab	7.987^ab	8.271^b	7.700^ab	5.867^ab	0.769	0.031	0.435	0.024
Lymphocytes (%)	54.17^b	20.00^a	17.08^a	24.17^a	18.25^a	54.25^b	3.879	0.0001	0.0003	0.0006
Monocytes (%)	9.75^ab	11.00^ab	13.83^b	11.50^ab	11.17^ab	7.75^a	1.194	0.032	0.054	0.007
Glucose (mmol/L)	131.8	122.1	127.3	116.8	127.5	138.6	5.279	0.099	0.642	0.501
SDMA (µg/dL)	28.00	21.50	25.42	23.42	25.58	27.17	3.219	0.733	0.347	0.899
Creatinine (µmol/dL)	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.133	0.100	0.014	0.435	0.297	0.848
BUN	4.75	3.54	4.33	3.92	4.33	4.42	0.446	0.492	0.379	0.635
Phosphorus (mmol/L)	16.10	16.10	16.10	15.59	15.45	15.76	0.321	0.544	0.297	0.848
Calcium (mmol/L)	5.08	5.15	5.30	5.29	5.21	5.31	0.153	0.868	0.377	0.328
Albumin (g/L)	6.0	5.81	6.0	5.68	5.86	6.0	0.132	0.439	0.043	0.228
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	33.58	34.75	29.17	24.58	33.00	27.92	7.556	0.926	0.501	0.637
Amylase (U/L)	566.1	455.8	504.5	487.0	484.8	513.6	37.01	0.431	0.984	0.123
ATL (U/L)	104.1	76.83	93.33	74.50	75.63	88.50	12.25	0.602	0.914	0.413
ALKP (U/L)	9.167	10.00	8.333	9.000	8.000	9.167	0.863	0.681	0.139	0.724
Lipase (U/L)	53.50	65.00	50.58	51.50	44.75	53.00	8.745	0.718	0.124	0.931

^a-c Means, in a row, with different superscripts denote statistical differences (P < 0.05). ¹Experimental diets: CON = a standard grower diet, SMS0 = CON containing 150 g/kg brown seaweed without oyster mushroom spawn inoculation, SMS20 = CON containing 150 g/kg of brown seaweed substrate after inoculating with 20% oyster mushroom spawn, SMS30 = CON containing 150 g/kg of brown seaweed substrate after inoculating with 30% oyster mushroom spawn, SMS40 = CON containing 150 g/kg of brown seaweed substrate after inoculating with 40% oyster mushroom spawn, and SMS50 = CON containing 150 g/kg of brown seaweed substrate after inoculating with 50% oyster mushroom spawn.
²Parameters: WBC = white blood cell, SDMA = symmetric dimethylarginine, BUN = blood urea nitrogen, ALT = alanine aminotransferase, ALKP = alkaline phosphatase. ³SEM = standard error of the mean.

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