Figure 2

Relative importance of variables in explaining tree cover loss across scales. Consumption–demand factors include food inflation, GDP growth, population growth and percentage of rural population. Production–supply factors include GDP per capita, elevation (measure of median elevation of pixels where tree cover loss was identified), temperature change and travel time (average travel time from tree cover loss pixels to population centers with > 5000 people). Trade–distribution factors include GDP exports (% of GDP from exports), food exports, food imports and cross-sectoral foreign direct investments.