Table 4 Linear model on the association of PGS and tobacco use with AAO in the PD study group.

From: The combined effect of lifestyle factors and polygenic scores on age at onset in Parkinson’s disease

 

Estimate

Standard error

p value

Tobacco use (binary) (n = 1650)1

 Intercept

60.3997

0.4749

 < 2 × 10–16*

 PGS

− 1.1107

0.2398

4 × 10–6*

 Tobacco use (binary)

3.1643

0.5006

3 × 10–10*

 Sex (Male)

− 0.3431

0.5089

0.5002

 PC1

− 72.7674

18.6688

0.0001*

 PC2

− 4.5250

17.0231

0.7904

Tobacco use dosage (n = 136)1

 Intercept

57.6722

1.5276

 < 2 × 10–16*

 PGS

− 1.3125

0.6996

0.0629

 Tobacco use dosage

0.1061

0.0828

0.2023

 Sex (Male)

3.4475

1.6796

0.0421*

 PC1

− 46.5124

67.3827

0.4913

 PC2

− 35.0421

58.9671

0.5534

Tobacco use duration (n = 126)1

 Intercept

57.4759

1.5461

 < 2 × 10–16*

 PGS

− 1.4445

0.7282

0.0496*

 Tobacco use duration

0.1686

0.0989

0.0910

 Sex (male)

3.7752

1.7293

0.0310*

 PC1

− 30.4355

69.4755

0.6621

 PC2

− 49.0272

61.5275

0.4271

Tobacco use (binary) (n = 1650)2

 Intercept

60.3051

0.4916

 < 2 × 10–16*

 PGS

− 0.9605

0.3132

0.0022*

 Tobacco use (binary)

3.4028

0.5942

1 × 10–8*

 Sex (male)

− 0.3596

0.5094

0.4804

 PC1

− 72.5440

18.6737

0.0001*

 PC2

− 4.7758

17.0287

0.7792

 PGS:Tobacco use (binary)

− 0.3599

0.4829

0.4561

Tobacco use dosage (n = 136)2

 Intercept

57.7039

1.5443

 < 2 × 10–16*

 PGS

− 1.3800

0.8034

0.0883

 Tobacco use dosage

0.0969

0.0985

0.3272

 Sex (male)

3.4725

1.6921

0.0422*

 PC1

− 46.2088

67.6583

0.4959

 PC2

− 33.8824

59.5670

0.5705

 PGS:Tobacco use dosage

0.0123

0.0714

0.8630

Tobacco use duration (n = 126)2

 Intercept

57.4071

1.5621

 < 2 × 10–16*

 PGS

− 1.3076

0.8139

0.1108

 Tobacco use duration

0.1977

0.1251

0.1169

 Sex (male)

3.7388

1.7381

0.0335*

 PC1

− 31.6402

69.7955

0.6511

 PC2

− 52.7653

62.5193

0.4004

 PGS:Tobacco use duration

− 0.0324

0.0848

0.7033

  1. PGS polygenic score; AAO age at onset; PD Parkinson’s disease; PC principal component; glm, generalized linear model.
  2. *p value < 0.05 are highlighted in bold.
  3. 1glm(formula = AAO ~ PGS + Tobacco use + Sex + PC1 + PC2, family = gaussian, data = data).
  4. 2glm(formula = AAO ~ PGS * Tobacco use + Sex + PC1 + PC2, family = gaussian, data = data).
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