Table 1 Coal and rock physical and mechanical parameters.

From: Boundary quantitative characterization of the top-coal limit equilibrium zone in fully mechanized top-coal caving stope along the strike direction of working face

Number

Rock layers

Volume weight (kg/m3)

Modulus of elasticity (MPa)

Uniaxial compressive strength (MPa)

Cohesion (MPa)

Internal friction angle (°)

1

Siltstone

2350

6000

16.0

2.8

28

2

Coal

1350

3900

10.0

2.7

23

3

Carbon mudstone

2500

5500

18.0

4.0

23

4

Mudstone

2470

3800

20.0

2.9

30

5

Fine sandstone

2710

5600

34.0

3.9

25

6

Coarse sandstone

2570

4800

28.0

5.0

32

7

Sandstone

2520

4900

36.0

2.9

35

8

Fine sandstone

2710

5600

35.0

3.7

25

9

Conglomerate

2520

4900

29.0

3.0

33

10

Coarse sandstone

2570

4800

28.0

4.6

32