Table 1 Comparison of developed sensor platforms with previously reported literature.

SiO₂@atrazine-MIP nanoparticles

–

1.8 μM

¹⁸

GNPs

0.05 μM and 0.5 μM

0.016 μM

¹⁷

Cell-free sensor

–

20 μM

¹⁶

Ana-1 cells

10³–5 × 10⁴ μM

150 μM

³⁵

Aptamer

50–10⁴ μM

35 μM

³⁶

MIP-based screen-printed potentiometric cell

0.5–50 μM

0.4 μM

¹³

Tyrosinase immobilization on polyvinyl alcohol with styryl-pyridinium groups

10–100 μM

1.3 μM

¹⁴

Electro-spun SnO₂ nanofiber

1⁻¹⁵ μM to 1 μM

9 × 10⁻¹⁶ μM

³⁷

Molecularly imprinted conducting polymer

1 nM–100 μM

0.4 μM

³⁸

Boron-doped diamond electrode

0.05–40 μM

0.01 μM

¹⁵

Ha006a/MCPE

10 μM–100 μM

5.4 μM

Present work