Figure 2

Monocytes and inflammatory macrophages expressing IL-1β are accumulated in ascending aorta in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection (AAD). (A) Sub-clustering of myeloid cells by uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) in Controls and AADs (n = 3 Controls from LiY et al²⁴; n = 2 AAD). (B) Dot plots displaying signature cell gene expression markers for each subcluster of myeloid cells. (C) Featured plots displaying characteristic gene expression of IL1B, NLRP3, and CCL2 in myeloid cells. (D) Pie charts showing the proportion of each myeloid cell cluster in the Control and AAD groups. Percentage of partitioned monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (clusters 0, 1, 2, and 3). (E) Gene ontology (GO) terms showing enriched biological processes (BP) (left) and molecular functions (MF) of clusters 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. (F) Trajectory pseudo-time analysis in Monocle3 with Seurat cluster annotations (left) and change in the expression of IL-1β across pseudo-time for monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophage partitions (clusters 0, 1, 2, and 3) in AAD samples (right). (G) Histological staining with EVG, CD68 and, IL-1β. The scale bar represents 100 μm. Macs macrophages, Monos monocytes, cDC conventional dendritic cells, pDCs plasmacytoid dendritic cells.