Table 1 Baseline demographic comparisons: analyzing characteristics, variables, and comorbidities in subjects with oral antidiabetic therapy versus early insulinization.

From: Oral antidiabetic therapy versus early insulinization on glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients: a retrospective matched cohort study

 

Oral antidiabetic therapy

Early insulinization

P-value

Sample size

94

94

 

Age

51.96 ± 11.03

49.71 ± 11.37

0.171

Gender, male

45 (47.9%)

58 (61.7%)

0.057

Level of education: no

3 (3.2%)

5 (5.3%)

0.865

Primary school

18 (19.1%)

16 (17.0%)

 

Secondary or high school

46 (48.9%)

44 (46.8%)

 

University or above

27 (28.7%)

29 (30.9%)

 

Family history of DM: Yes

64 (68.1%)

65 (69.1%)

0.875

Current smoking

12 (12.8%)

19 (20.2%)

0.169

Alcohol drinking

4 (4.3%)

3 (3.2%)

0.700

Physical activity: No exercise

44 (46.8%)

44 (46.8%)

0.835

Occasional exercise

22 (23.4%)

25 (26.6%)

 

Regular exercise

28 (29.8%)

25 (26.6%)

 

Knowledge regarding GC: yes

44 (46.8%)

50 (53.2%)

0.381

Willingness toward DSM: yes

89 (94.7%)

84 (89.4%)

0.178

Perform SMBG: yes

93 (98.9%)

94 (100%)

0.316

Medication adherence: Yes

92 (97.9%)

91 (96.8%)

0.650

Insulin secretagogues

51 (54.3%)

38 (40.4%)

0.058

Non-insulin secretagogues

73 (77.7%)

82 (87.2%)

0.084

Clinical variables

   

BMI (kg/m2)

26.74 ± 4.6

26.34 ± 5.12

0.581

Mean BP (mmHg)

94.66 ± 9.61

96.79 ± 11.25

0.164

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

176.76 ± 42.06

176.43 ± 41.56

0.957

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

157.06 ± 156.2

134.71 ± 82.21

0.222

HDL (mg/dL)

46.7 ± 11.41

45.8 ± 13.02

0.613

LDL (mg/dL)

103.81 ± 34.32

105.55 ± 35.56

0.733

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

100.85 ± 28.51

105.94 ± 43.19

0.342

GPT

31.44 ± 26.78

39.05 ± 42.92

0.146

Comorbidity at baseline

CHF

8 (8.5%)

9 (9.6%)

0.799

CVA

0 (0%)

3 (3.2%)

0.246

CAD

1 (1.1%)

3 (3.2%)

0.621

HTN

44 (46.8%)

47 (50.0%)

0.662

Hyperlipidemia

63 (67.0%)

53 (56.4%)

0.134

CKD

3 (3.2%)

1 (1.1%)

0.621

Cancer

2 (2.1%)

2 (2.1%)

1.000

Cirrhosis

4 (4.3%)

2 (2.1%)

0.682

RA

1 (1.1%)

2 (2.1%)

1.000

MI

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

–

PVD

1 (1.1%)

1 (1.1%)

1.000

Dysrhythmia

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

–

  1. Results are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%).
  2. DM diabetes mellitus, GC glycemic control, DSM diabetes self-management, SMBG self-monitoring of blood glucose, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, GPT glutamic pyruvic transaminase, CHF congestive heart failure, CAD coronary artery disease, CVA cerebrovascular accident, CKD chronic kidney disease, PVD peripheral vascular disease.
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