Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study participants.
Variables | Non-DKD group (n = 627) | DKD group (n = 309) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 58.31 ± 12.04 | 63.33 ± 13.73 | < 0.001 |
Gender, n (%) | |||
Female | 254 (40.51) | 130 (42.07) | 0.648 |
Male | 373 (59.49) | 179 (57.93) | |
Diabetic duration (year) | 7.71 ± 6.75 | 11.67 ± 7.84 | < 0.001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | |||
No | 347 (55.34) | 74 (23.95) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 280 (44.66) | 235 (76.05) | |
BMI | 24.69 ± 3.73 | 25.26 ± 3.90 | 0.033 |
ACEI/ARB use, n (%) | |||
No | 517 (82.45) | 193 (62.46) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 110 (17.54) | 116 (37.54) | |
Lipid lowering agents | |||
User of Fibrate, n (%) | 19 (3.03) | 17 (5.50) | 0.064 |
User of Statin, n (%) | 131 (20.89) | 73 (23.62) | 0.341 |
SBP (mmHg) | 135 ± 17 | 144 ± 21 | < 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 79 ± 11 | 79 ± 14 | 0.851 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.16 ± 2.13 | 8.32 ± 2.17 | 0.276 |
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 7.69 ± 2.72 | 7.76 ± 2.99 | 0.713 |
LDL-C (mmol/l) | 2.94 ± 0.85 | 2.82 ± 1.01 | 0.07 |
HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.17 ± 0.34 | 1.15 ± 0.36 | 0.384 |
Triglyceride (mmol/l) | 1.37 (1.01–1.95) | 1.53 (1.08–2.14) | 0.007 |
Total protein (g/L) | 65.21 ± 5.18 | 64.86 ± 6.81 | 0.421 |
Serum albumin (g/L) | 40.36 ± 3.54 | 38.26 ± 5.53 | < 0.001 |
Uric acid (μmol/L) | 291 (248–352) | 348 (279–423) | < 0.001 |
Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 70.07 ± 13.40 | 101.92 ± 71.21 | < 0.001 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/l) | 5.36 (4.46–6.39) | 6.63 (5.43–8.54) | < 0.001 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 80.35 ± 9.31 | 69.10 ± 15.11 | < 0.001 |
ACR (mg/g) | 7.66 (4.46–12.46) | 110.14 (47.16–495.94) | < 0.001 |
