Table 1 Patient characteristics for the 1485 study participants, stratified by lymphoedema and divided into training and validation sets.
From: Development and validation of a nomogram for breast cancer-related lymphedema
Characteristic | Total (n = 1485), N (%) | Training set (n = 1038), N (%) | Validation set (n = 447), N (%) | Lymphoedema (n = 360), N (%) | Non-lymphoedema (n = 1125), N (%) | P Le vs. non-le |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) < 60 ≥ 60 | 1308 (88.1) 177 (11.9) | 915 (88.2) 123 (11.8) | 393(87.9) 54 (12.1) | 309 (85.8) 51 (14.2) | 999 (88.8) 126 (11.2) | 0.131 |
BMI (kg/m2) < 25 ≥ 25 | 1080 (72.7) 405 (27.3) | 708 (68.2) 330 (31.8) | 372 (83.2) 75 (16.8) | 213 (64.2) 129 (35.8) | 849 (75.5) 276 (24.5) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension Yes No | 261 (17.6) 1224 (82.4) | 207 (19.9) 831 (80.1) | 54 (12.1) 393 (87.9) | 69 (19.2) 291 (80.8) | 192 (17.1) 933 (82.9) | 0.362 |
Diabetes Yes No | 135 (9.1) 1350 (9.1) | 108 (10.4) 930 (89.6) | 27 (6.0) 420 (94.0) | 39 (10.8%) 321 (89.2%) | 118 (10.5%) 1007 (89.5%) | 0.853 |
Staging (UICC) 0 I II III | 24 (1.6) 168 (11.3) 1035 (69.7) 258 (17.4) | 18 (1.7) 132 (12.7) 780 (75.1) 108 (10.4) | 6 (1.3) 36 (8.1) 255 (57.0) 150 (33.6) | 6 (1.7) 30 (8.3) 240 (66.7) 84 (23.3) | 18 (1.6) 146 (13.0) 738 (65.6) 223 (19.8) | 0.084 |
Type of surgery Conservative Mastectomy Breast reconstruction | 351 (23.6) 1104 (74.4) 30 (2.0) | 243 (23.4) 777 (74.9) 18 (1.7) | 114 (25.5) 321 (71.8) 12 (2.7) | 81 (22.5) 270 (75.00) 9 (2.5) | 276 (24.5) 828 (73.6) 21 (1.9) | 0.582 |
Surgery dominant arm Yes No | 840 (56.6) 645 (43.4) | 603 (58.1) 435 (41.9) | 237 (53.0) 210 (47.0) | 198 (55.0) 162 (45.0) | 642 (57.1) 483 (42.9) | 0.491 |
Operation time (hours) < 2 ≥ 2 | 1302 (43.4) 183 (12.3) | 933 (89.9) 105 (10.1) | 369 (82.6) 78 (17.4) | 285 (79.2) 75 (20.8) | 1017 (90.4) 108 (9.6) | < 0.001 |
Number of lymph nodes dissected < 10 10–20 > 20 | 369 (24.8) 960 (64.6) 156 (10.5) | 234 (22.5) 675 (65.0) 129 (12.4) | 135 (30.2) 285 (63.8) 27 (6.0) | 51 (14.2) 243 (67.5) 66 (18.3) | 318 (28.3) 717 (63.7) 90 (8.0) | < 0.001 |
Level of ALND I II III | 99 (6.7) 741 (49.9) 645 (43.4) | 72 (6.9) 528 (50.9) 438 (42.2) | 27 (6.0) 213 (47.7) 207 (46.3) | 3 (0.8) 120 (33.3) 237 (65.8) | 96 (8.5) 621 (55.2) 408 (36.3) | < 0.001 |
Surgical site infection Yes No | 330 (22.2) 1155 (77.8) | 240 (23.1) 798 (76.9) | 90 (20.1) 357 (79.9) | 123 (34.1) 237 (65.9) | 207 (18.4) 918 (81.6) | < 0.001 |
Chemotherapy Yes No | 1410 (95.0) 75 (5.0) | 972 (93.6) 66 (6.4) | 438 (98.0) 9 (2.0) | 345 (95.8) 15 (4.2) | 1065 (94.6) 60 (5.4) | 0.379 |
Radiotherapy Yes No | 393 (26.5) 1092 (73.5) | 261 (25.1) 777 (74.9) | 132 (29.5) 315 (70.5) | 147 (40.8) 213 (59.2) | 246 (21.9) 879 (78.1) | < 0.001 |
Hormonal therapy Yes No | 486 (32.7) 999 (67.3) | 312 (30.1) 726 (69.9) | 174 (38.9) 273 (61.1) | 129 (35.8) 231 (64.2) | 357 (31.7) 768 (69.3) | 0.149 |
