Table 1 A summary of the wine production, consumption, import and export data and the corresponding world ranking in terms of wine volume (OIV, 2020) of South Africa, France, and Portugal used as criteria for selection for participation.

From: Cultural differences in wine conceptualization among consumers in France, Portugal and South Africa

New world

Old world

1000 hL

South Africa

France

Portugal

Production

10 385 (7th)

46 673 (2nd)

6 418 (11th)

Consumption

3 138 (16th)

24 361 (2nd)

4 374 (12th)

Per capita (L)

7.5

45.8

49.1

Exports

3 620 (8th)

14 085 (3rd)

3 151 (10th)

Imports

44 (83rd)

6 561 (4th)

2 745 (10th)