Table 1 Results on calibrated phantoms of Device 1 for the three users.

From: Reliability and robustness of a novel preclinical torsional wave-based device for stiffness evaluation

Device 1

Gel stiffnes (kPa)

2.24

2.83

4.84

9.12

9.55

19.39

29.46

Operator 1(\(\mu \pm \sigma\))

1.94 ± 0.36

2.58 ± 0.21

5.45 ± 0.47

9.10 ± 0.16

10.29 ± 0.20

19.38 ± 1.35

31.14 ± 0.64

Repeatibility

81.82%

91.64%

91.19%

98.17%

98.05%

92.99%

97.94%

Deviation

9%

6%

9%

0%

5%

0%

4%

Operator 2 (\(\mu \pm \sigma\))

1.95 ± 0.05

2.91 ± 0.17

5.24 ± 0.20

9.29 ± 0.12

9.38 ± 0.13

18.43 ± 0.48

25.78 ± 0.59

Repeatibility

97.36%

93.97%

96.1%

98.7%

98.61%

97.35%

97.69%

Deviation

9%

2%

6%

1%

1%

3%

9%

Operator 3 (\(\mu \pm \sigma\))

2.53 ± 0.15

2.73 ± 0.26

5.51 ± 0.08

8.53 ± 0.78

10.04 ± 0.57

16.86 ± 1.12

26.48 ± 1.91

Repeatibility

99.40%

90.21%

98.51%

90.85%

94.31%

93.37%

92.81%

Deviation

9%

2%

10%

5%

5%

9%

7%

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